5th
International Conference on Rain Water Cistern Systems
"Rainwater Catchment for Future Generations"
Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C. - August 1991
Section
10: Country Reports and Future Outlooks
Page 651
Hafirs In Sudan
Ahmed Ayoub
El Gaddal
Ministry of Health, Sudan
Abstract
The HAFIR is an underground :reservoir designed for storing rain water carried
by streams and used for domestic water supply and for agricultural purposes in
rural areas in the Sudan.
Hafirs are usually constructed where there is enough rainfall and where there
is no underground water.It is usually big enough to cater for the needs of the
villagers and their live-stock for a whole season. The Hafir is surrounded by
earthen embankments and protected by barbed wire fencing from animals. The shape
of the Hafir is like a trunkated frustum of a pyramid. The average capacity of
a Hafir varies from 15,000 to 250,000 m3. There are different types of Hafirs
e.g.:
- Conventional HAFIRS
- Lined HAFIRS
- Overground storage HAFIRS
Maintenance of HAFIRS depends on:
- Removal of slit
- Cleaning of water pipes
- Cleaning of canals-stilling bowels, inlets and outlets.
- Compaction of eroded embankment.
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